What is Parkinson’s disease? 2
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which means it’s a condition that affects your brain and its symptoms increase over time. While Parkinson’s disease is often recognized for its effects on movement, balance, and muscle control, it can also impact many other functions of the nervous system. These include memory, thinking, mental health, as well as digestive, urinary and sensory functions.
More than a million people in the US live with Parkinson’s disease, and nearly 100,000 new cases are diagnosed each year. PD is most commonly diagnosed in those over 65 years old, but can be diagnosed as early as your 20s and as late as your 80s or beyond.
While most people associate PD with tremors (shaking), this symptom affects only a little more than half of people with the condition. The main symptoms that affect everyone with PD is that over time it makes everyday movements slower and more difficult. Other motor symptoms that can occur with PD include rigidity (muscle stiffness), trouble walking and balance problems.
Parkinson’s happens when a protein called alpha-synuclein clumps in certain areas of the brain, reducing dopamine—a chemical that helps control movement. As dopamine levels drop, movement becomes harder, but symptoms vary from person to person.
The good news is that research is making progress. Scientists have discovered genes linked to Parkinson’s disease and are learning more about the chemical changes in the brain that cause it. These breakthroughs are leading to new treatment possibilities and hope for better ways to manage—and maybe even someday cure—the condition.
Ask the Expert: Essential tremor vs. Parkinson’s disease
Parkinson’s disease symptoms
Parkinson's disease affects people differently. In the early stages, symptoms may be mild and hard to notice. They often start on one side of the body and can eventually impact both sides, with one side often being more affected than the other. Some symptoms of Parkinson’s disease can be similar to those of other conditions.
Parkinson’s symptoms are generally grouped into two categories: motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms.
When to see a doctor 2
Speak to your doctor if you experience any symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, particularly if they are worrisome or interfere with your daily life. Many symptoms can have other causes, so they do not necessarily mean you have Parkinson’s disease. Your primary care provider may refer you to a neurologist or a movement disorders specialist.
Parkinson’s disease risk factors
Anyone can develop Parkinson’s disease. Some people are more likely to be affected due to their family history or exposure to toxic substances. Although researchers are investigating other potential risk factors, those that are known include:
- Age: Your risk of Parkinson’s disease increases with age. Most people diagnosed are aged 60 or older.
- Environment: Exposure to some pesticides and other toxic substances can increase your risk.
- Ethnic background: People of Ashkenazi Jewish or North African origin are more likely to carry a genetic mutation linked to Parkinson’s disease.
- Family history: You are more likely to be affected if a close family member has Parkinson’s disease
- Sex: Men are more likely to develop the condition than women.
Find specialized Parkinson’s disease care
You can access comprehensive and compassionate care for Parkinson’s disease at locations throughout North and Central Texas. Our expert neuroscience team offers the latest advanced treatments, tailored to your needs.
